期刊导航 | Urban Studies文章精选(151-154）-规划问道

为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。

Introduction: Generating concepts of ‘the urban’ through comparative practice

引言：通过比较实践产生“城市”的概念

Jennifer Robinson（英国伦敦大学学院）

首次出版时间：2022/5/1｜研究论文

Abstract: This Introduction to the special issue, ‘Comparative Methods for Global Urban Studies’, outlines the basis for a reformatted comparative method inspired by the complex spatialities of the urban world. The articles in the volume each bring forward innovative approaches to comparative methods which support wider conceptualisations of urban processes and urban experiences. The articles in this volume consider a wide range of urban contexts and collectively move beyond geopolitically imprecise propositions of ‘southern’ urbanism to embrace the wider comparative agenda of thinking with both the diversity and the profound interconnectedness of the urban globally. The articles contribute to decentring urban studies, opening conceptualisation to a range of different contexts and differently positioned writers. They also speak to the analytical and methodological challenges posed by current trends in global urbanisation, as dispersed, fragmented and extending over vast territories. Thinking with the multiple elsewheres of any urban context invites a comparative imagination – this introduction draws together the creative ways in which authors in this volume have responded to this potential. Processes of conceptualisation both emerge from and more acutely reveal the spatiality and nature of the global urban: comparative method, then, also proposes a certain mode of theorisation of the urban.

摘要：本期“全球城市研究的比较方法”特刊简介概述了一种重新格式化的比较方法的基础，该方法受到城市世界复杂空间的启发。在比较的“遗传”（基于联系和更广泛的过程）和“生成”（由研究人员的好奇心引导）的基础上，萌生了一系列策略。本期特刊中的每篇论文都提出了比较方法方面的创新进路，以支持对城市过程和城市经验的更广泛概念化。本期特刊中的论文考虑了广泛的城市环境，并共同超越了地缘政治上不精确的“南方”城市化命题，以接受更广泛的比较议程，同时考虑全球城市的多样性和深刻的相互联系。这些论文有助于使城市研究去中心化，将概念化扩展到一系列不同背景和不同定位的作者。这些论文还涉及当前全球城市化趋势所带来的分析和方法论挑战，这些趋势包括分散化、碎片化以及延伸到广阔的地区。思考任何城市环境中的多个其他地方都需要比较想象力，本介绍汇集了本期特刊作者们应对这种可能性的创造性方法。概念化的过程既来自也更敏锐地揭示了全球城市的空间性和本质：因此，比较方法也提出了某种城市理论化模式。

Keywords: comparative method, comparative urbanism, conceptualisation, global urban studies, spatiality

关键词：比较方法, 比较城市研究, 概念化, 全球城市研究, 空间性

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221092561

Disposable infrastructures: ‘Micromobility’ platforms and the political economy of transport disruption in Austin, Texas

一次性基础设施：得克萨斯州奥斯汀的“微型移动”平台和交通混乱的政治经济

John Stehlin（美国北卡罗来纳大学）

Will Payne（美国罗格斯大学）

首次出版时间：2022/5/6｜研究论文

Abstract: The rapid rise of digital platform-based transportation services over the past decade has begun to transform urban mobility. Fleets of dockless bicycles and scooters – or ‘micromobility’– represent the newest horizon of investment, particularly in the United States. Micromobility platforms launch rapidly, with minimal public planning or funding and no fixed infrastructure, using inexpensive, GPS-connected vehicles stored in public space. These platforms represent a deepening of the neoliberalisation of transport, in which infrastructural properties emerge biopolitically from the dynamics of private platforms. This article examines public debates over the regulation of micromobility platforms in Austin, Texas, in early 2018. Drawing on interviews with city officials and bikesharing professionals, observation of public meetings and GIS analysis of usage data, we argue that conflicts we observed over new micromobility platforms – specifically ‘clutter’, equity in geographic coverage and data privacy – obscured the deeper political economy of platformisation and the austerity that limited the effectiveness of the existing public station-based bikeshare system. In Austin, the search for ‘innovative’ micromobility transportation at no public cost resulted in the further erosion of the underfunded public system. We argue that despite their flexible, low-carbon image, existing micromobility platforms in the United States largely exploit rather than address inadequacies of urban transport.

摘要：过去十年，基于数字平台的交通服务迅速兴起，开始改变城市交通。无桩自行车和踏板车——或“微出行”——代表了最新的投资视野，尤其是在美国。微出行平台启动迅速，无需公共规划或资金，也没有固定的基础设施，使用存放在公共空间的连接GPS的廉价车辆。这些平台代表了交通新自由主义化的深化，其中私有平台的蓬勃发展催生了基础设施的生命政治学属性。本文探讨了2018年初得克萨斯州奥斯汀市关于微出行平台监管的公开辩论。基于对城市官员和共享单车专业人士的访谈、对公开会议的观察和对使用数据的GIS分析，我们认为，我们观察到的与新的微出行平台相关的冲突（特别是“混乱”、地理覆盖范围的公平性和数据隐私）掩盖了与平台化和紧缩（限制了现有的基于公共车站的共享单车系统的有效性）相关的、更深层次的政治经济问题。在奥斯汀，寻求无需公共支出的“创新”微型交通运输的努力使本已不足的公交系统资金进一步受到侵蚀。我们认为，尽管美国现有的微出行平台看起来灵活、低碳，但它们在很大程度上利用而不是解决了城市公共交通供应的不足。

Keywords: displacement, gentrification, inequality, infrastructure, neoliberalism, sharing economy, smart cities, transport, technology

关键词：驱逐, 绅士化, 不平等, 基础设施, 新自由主义, 共享经济, 智慧城市, 交通运输, 科技

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221091486

Population density and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Comparing the geography of different waves in the Netherlands

人口密度和新冠疫情：比较荷兰地理的不同浪潮

Willem Boterman（荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学）

首次出版时间：2022/5/12｜研究论文

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has boosted public and scholarly debate about the relationship between infectious disease and the urban. Cities are considered contagious because they are hubs in (inter)national networks and contain high densities of people. However, the role of the urban and population density in the spread of pathogens is complex and is mediated by the wider bio-social environment. This paper analyses the role of population density in the outbreak of COVID-19 in the densely and highly urbanised context of the Netherlands. It compares the geography of the different phases in the epidemic and assesses when and where density plays a role. Using municipal data on the rate of infections and hospitalisations, this paper reveals that spatial patterns differ substantially in time, which does not appear to be simple diffusion. Using panel regressions, it is demonstrated that population density plays a role in those stages in which containment and mitigation measures were least strict, while in periods of lockdown other factors such as household size are associated with higher infection rates. It concludes that lockdowns may have greater effect in urban areas as key urban elements are temporarily cancelled out.

摘要：新冠大流行引发了关于传染病与城市之间关系的公众和学术辩论。城市被认为具有传染性，因为它们是全国（国际）网络中的枢纽，并有高密度的人口。然而，城市和人口密度在病原体传播中的作用是复杂的，并且受到更广泛的生物社会环境的影响。本文分析了在荷兰人口密集和高度城市化的背景下，人口密度在新冠暴发中的作用。我们比较了疫情在不同阶段的地理分布，并评估了密度在何时何地发挥了作用。我们使用有关感染率和住院率的市政数据，揭示了空间规律在时间上存在很大差异，这似乎不是简单的扩散。我们使用面板回归分析，表明人口密度在遏制和缓解措施最不严格的阶段发挥作用，而在封锁期间，家庭规模等其他因素与较高的感染率相关。我们的结论是，封锁可能对城市地区产生更大的影响，因为城市化的关键要素被暂时取消。

Keywords: health, demographics, agglomeration/urbanisation, COVID-19, population density

关键词：健康, 人口统计, 集聚/城市化, 新冠肺炎, 人口密度

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221087165

Making cities through migration industries: Introduction to the special issue

通过移民产业打造城市：特刊介绍

Nir Cohen（以色列巴伊兰大学）

Tatiana Fogelman（丹麦罗斯基勒大学）

Henrik Lebuhn（德国柏林洪堡大学）

首次出版时间：2022/5/27｜研究论文

Abstract: Migration industry has recently emerged as a lens through which to theorise the intertwinement of non-state actors who aim to provide diverse migration-pertaining services. However, while much of their work is done in and through cities, consequently (re)forming variegated urban landscapes, scholarly literature has thus far neglected the nexus between cities and the migration industry. In this special issue, we begin filling this gap by exploring the significance of migration industries – as a resurgent concept and an area of research from migration studies – for understanding the urban. We start by reviewing the urbanisation of migration studies, highlighting its key limits. We then move on to introduce the migration industries debate, pointing out its existing implicit urban dimensions. We proceed by elaborating our main argument about why and how migration industries provide an especially productive lens for urbanists to consider. Specifically, we stress the three key analytical vantage points that the attention to migration industries enables us to see as central to contemporary city-making. These are its political-economic embeddedness, the urban-constitutive nature of trans-local connectivities, and how business-driven city-making dovetails with more serendipitous, bottom-up shaping of the arrival city. Each of these points also describes how individual papers speak to them. We conclude by briefly outlining a research agenda for migration industries that is thoughtfully embroiled in the (post-)pandemic urban.

摘要：移民产业最近已成为一个视角，通过它可以对旨在提供多样化移民相关服务的非国家行为者之间的相互交织进行理论化。然而，虽然移民产业的大部分工作是在城市中并通过城市完成的，并因此（重新）形成了多样化的城市景观，但迄今为止，学术文献一直忽视了城市与移民产业之间的联系。在本期特刊中，我们开始通过探索移民产业（作为移民研究中的一个复兴的概念和研究领域）对理解城市的重要性，从而填补这一空白。我们首先回顾移民研究的城市化，强调其主要局限。接着，我们介绍关于移民产业的辩论，指出其现有的隐含城市维度。随后，我们详细阐述我们的主要论点，即移民产业为何以及如何为城市学者提供了一个特别富有成效的研究视角。具体来说，我们强调了三个关键的分析要点，对移民产业的关注使我们能够看到作为当代城市营造核心的这三个要点。这些要点包括移民产业的政治经济嵌入性，跨地方连接的城市构成性质，以及商业驱动的城市营造如何与到达城市的更偶然的、自下而上的塑造相吻合。这些要点中的每一点还说明了每篇论文与它们之间的关系。最后，我们简要概述了移民产业研究的议程，该议程深思熟虑地卷入了（后）疫情城市中。

Keywords: editorial, migration industry, transnationalism, theory, urban

关键词：编者按, 移民产业, 跨国主义, 理论, 城市

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221094709